Archaeologists have discovered a 7,000-year-old settlement in Dagestan, Russia, revealing insights into the spread of early farming communities and cultural connections in the Caucasus Mountains during the Eneolithic period.
Çatalhöyük, a Neolithic settlement in Turkey, is unique for its lack of streets. Residents entered homes via rooftops, a design likely influenced by flooding, climate control, community closeness, defense, and resource scarcity.
Archaeologists in Turkey have discovered a previously unknown ancient language on clay tablets unearthed from the ancient capital of the Hittite Empire, Hattusa. The tablets reveal a focus on multiculturalism and preserving the traditions of subject peoples within the empire. The language, called Kalasmaic, was spoken in the Kalasma region and was lost for approximately 3,000 years.
Enslaved Africans, an uprising and an ancient farming system in Iraq: Study sheds light on timelinesArchaeological dating of ridge and canal features in southern Iraq indicates that the extensive agricultural system persisted for centuries after the 9th-century Zanj rebellion, challenging assumptions that the revolt caused immediate economic decline. The earthworks were constructed and used over an extended period, suggesting ongoing agricultural activity well beyond the rebellion.
A new study published in *PLOS One* argues that the rise of Sumer was driven by tidal dynamics, river flows, and sedimentation at the head of the Persian Gulf. From 7,000 to 5,000 years ago, tidal freshwater influx enabled early agriculture and social complexity; the subsequent loss of tidal access prompted large‑scale irrigation and flood protection, shaping Sumer’s urban and cultural development.
An international team analyzed ancient DNA from 230 individuals in Georgia and Armenia, revealing a largely stable local gene pool from the Bronze Age to 500 CE, with some migration from Anatolia and the Eurasian steppe. The study also found that cranial deformation, initially introduced by migrants, became a local tradition.
Scientists have digitally reconstructed tattoos on a 2,500-year-old Pazyryk mummy from the Altai Mountains, revealing details about ancient tattooing practices, including multiple artists and advanced techniques. The tattoos appear to have been for personal identity and status, not religious purposes.
The article discusses the Bronze Age civilizations of Greece, particularly focusing on the Minoan civilization in Crete, its achievements in architecture, craftsmanship, and astronomical knowledge, including the discovery of the 'Gate of Heaven' observatory on Papoura Hill near Knossos. It highlights the conflict between modern Greek authorities and scientists over the preservation of this ancient site, which is at risk due to plans for an airport expansion. The author argues that the Greek government, influenced by foreign powers, is neglecting and potentially destroying its own heritage, leading to a loss of national identity and historical continuity. The piece also touches on the broader context of Greece's historical struggles and foreign influence.
An article discussing the Carthaginian empire, highlighting its history, culture, and influence, arguing it was more impactful than ancient Rome. It focuses on Hannibal, Carthaginian society, and the historical bias towards Roman accounts.
This article explores the construction and evolution of ancient Greek temples, highlighting the three classical column styles – Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian – noting that Corinthian columns originated in Roman civilization. It details the progression from early mud brick structures to the enduring stone temples, exemplified by sites like Temple C in Selinus, Sicily, and the Temple of Apollo at Didyma, Turkey. The piece emphasizes the Greeks’ innovative use of columns, often inspired by sacred forests, and references related content showcasing reconstructions and replicas of ancient Greek
